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Slide 56 of 64

Notes:

In Rec. P.452, the signal intensity due to super-refractivity/ducting is calculated by taking account of:

geometrical considerations associated with the antennas and the sr layer or duct

the extent to which the path is over sea (since ducting has a greater occurrence over sea paths)

Losses within the duct (or associated with the layer) which themselves are a function of:
- frequency
- refractive gradient
- type of path
- ground roughness